In recent years, parents in Turkey have mobilized for their children to pass exams and attend the schools they want, which affects children’s success and psychology severely. In this context, this study investigates the relationship between second level primary 7th and 8th grade students’ math success and overall success in terms of the variables of parents’ educational background and gender. The study was conducted with 472 students in Istanbul during the 2010-2011 academic year. The data was collected from the students’ 2011 SBS (Elementary Proficiency Exam) results. This research was designed in the relational analysis model. The SPSS16.0 statistical package was used for the statistical analyses of the research data. Independent group t-test and ANOVA were used in the data analysis depending on the variables. The method of the Pearson productmoment correlation coefficient was used in the analysis of the relationship between dependent variables. According to the results of the findings, a significantly positive relationship was observed between students’ overall and math success and there were significant relationships between the variables in terms of parents’ educational background. A significant difference was observed in favor of female students in terms of gender. Some suggestions were presented moving from the fact that parents’ educational background affects students’ math success and overall success.