Assessment in education must, first and foremost serve the purpose of effective learning. Assessment has an important role in a self-l learning activity using self-learning material. It is a dynamic component of distance learning. Due to spatial and temporal separation between teachers and learners, assessment provides perhaps the only indication of the student progress in the learning process. Questions or tasks are continuously evaluated to determine whether the learners can challenge old assumptions and create new meaning perspectives. Learning assessment provide with the information about learner achievement after finishing the learning process. Assessment question in a self-learning material can be used as a tool to activate learner to study. This step is important in a learning process not only for conventional instruction, but also for distance learning. Without learning assessment we will not know the result of a learning process easily. So, it is important to use the right kind of assessment for the learning. This paper discusses the purposes and the role of learning assessment in a self- learning material.